J.S. Bach Flute Sonata in B Minor the Development of the Baroque Flute Free Essays

J. S. Bach Flute Sonata in B minor (BWV 1030): the development of the Baroque Flute, the flautists and the music Johann Sebastian Bach (J. We will write a custom essay sample on J.S. Bach Flute Sonata in B Minor: the Development of the Baroque Flute or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Bach) is no doubt one of the greatest composers of all times. He composed many works for flute including works for solo flute, flute with harpsichord and/or continuo and, two flutes and harpsichord. However, there has been a controversy, over the flute works, whether they were composed solely by the composer, assisted by someone or under the guidance of J. S. Bach. In addition, some scholars doubted that some of works are not written for flute and they are actually transcribed for flute by the composer. Especially, the Sonata in B minor (BWV 1030) raises most number of controversies. The J. S. Bach flute compositions are standard repertoire for the flute even today. As a professional flute player, it is very important to have comprehensive knowledge on the background of these works because they directly affect the way of interpreting them. By reviewing the development of Baroque flute and analyzing the time period of the compositions would greatly help flutists to have a deeper understanding on these important repertoire in flute especially the B minor sonata (BWV 1030). The development of the instrument, Baroque flute, plays no doubt very important role on influencing the work written for it. The difference in range, tonality, mechanisms greatly affect the compositions written for it. Unlike other wind instruments, the Baroque flute was developed later than others. Since it is made differently, it is definitely impossible to apply the styles of other instruments on the Baroque flute. Some research suggested that J. S. Bach has little familiarity of the flute and flute players because, although the style of the compositions are similar to the other pieces of the composer, the flute works do not show that he understands the characteristic and the quality of the instrument. 1 And, the lack of knowledge of the flute would probably be because the composer did not listen much works for flute and meet flutists in where he worked. As mentioned above, the development of Baroque Flutes has great impact on how the pieces were written for it. Consequently, it is impossible to overlook this element when doing this research. â€Å"Flute† is a general term for a large and diverse woodwind instrumental family of which players blow air across the surface of any hollow object to produce sound. The appearance of the instrument, not only in western music, is found all over the globe like di-zi in China. 2 In Western music, flute plays an important role from ancient Greek music to contemporary music nowadays. The design, uses and playing styles keep changing even today. As one of the oldest instruments in Western music, â€Å"flutes† first appear in a picture of a shepherd playing the flute from the sermons of St Gregory of Nazianzus in a manuscript of early eleventh century. 3 It is mostly associated with nature and pastoral life. In Renaissance, flute was one of the instruments in mixed ensemble. More importantly, it played a notable role in sacred concerti or sacred symphonies. Johann Hermann Schein (1586-1630), one of J. S. Bach’s predecessors, composed seven ensemble works that featured a transverse flute which is always assigned to the second voice. This tradition went on to the Baroque era and solo flute works became more popular from 1670. There were large changes in its mechanisms. The new instrument is now built in three or four sections instead of one piece; it is modified from a large cylindrical bore to a conical bore in which the diameter of the headpiece was greater than the foot piece which improves the tuning of the upper notes; most importantly, one key was added in the foot piece so there is an extra note which the little finger of the right hand cannot reach originally and it produces the new note d#’. These inventions are very important. However, there is a common misunderstand, however, regarding â€Å"the flute† as a single instrument. In fact, it refers to an instrumental family in the Baroque Period. There are, generally speaking, eight different kinds of flutes including concert flute, descant flute and flute d’amour. Different kinds of flutes appeared in different pitches. 5 In the music that Bach wrote for flute, he did not, like all the composers at that period of time, specify the type of flute they writing for. In addition, there is a possibility that different flutes were used in different performances. All flutes were written as if they were in the key of D especially in the first quarter of the 18th century. As a result, it is difficult to judge which flute the composer had in mind from the music. 6 In the journal â€Å"J. S. Bach’s Compositions for Solo Flute: A Reconsideration of Their Authenticity and Chronology† by Robert L. Marshall, he suggests: â€Å"It is still widely believed that Bach wrote eight works for the solo flute. But the view that has prevailed among Bach specialists for the past fifteen years is that the rather similar Sonatas for flute and harpsichord obbligato in G Minor (BWV I020) and E Flat Major (BWV io31) were probably composed by someone else-most likely Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach–and that the Sonata in C Major for flute and continuo (BWV 1033) was written by one-or two-of Bach’s students (one of them, again, might have been Emanuel Bach), presumably in part under the composer’s active supervision and intervention. † 7 This suggestion probably comes from the lack of normal musical style in his writing. Moreover, his writing shows no understanding of the qualities of the instrument. However, this argument seems invalid when considering the type of flute Bach was written for. The first flute solo work by Bach, Partita in a minor (BWV 1013), was written between about 1720 and 1730. He was one of the first German composers who started composing music for solo flute. This may be stimulated by the new four-piece design of the Baroque flute. The instrument has an advanced feature to have an extended footjoint giving the note c’ however, Bach did not use this new feature in his B minor flute sonata (BWV 1030). Also, its middle joint has different length and can be replaced so that the pitch of the instrument can be altered to accommodate different pitches in different areas. Moreover, it now has a clearer and accurate tone. Fast passages and big leaps can now be played with ease. 8 This is probably one of the reasons why there are more compositions for solo flute. In addition to the development of the instrument, flautists’ involvement plays another crucial role in flute music composition. Bach first work with flute players in Cothen. The Prince of Cothen happened to be a keen musician ho was not in favor of elaborate church music, so Bach concentrated on instrumental music. Interestingly, the flautists were considered assets to the court because the salaries of the flautists in the courts were around three times higher than other musician. And, in this Cothen period (1717-1723), flute appeared as a solo instrument in his Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 (1719) and the B minor Suite for f lute (BWV 1067). 9 Later, the â€Å"violinlization† of music in Paris was taken place of which a style characterized by constant semiquaver and arpeggiated passagework in Dresden. This style was achieved by the new Baroque flute. Bach moved to Leipzig in 1723 and he met new flautists there and started composing a large amount of flute chamber music. They begin with the Flute sonata in E minor (BWV 1034) dated c. 1724. Then, the later works are the C major (c. 1731), Eb major (1730-34), B minor and A major sonatas (c. 1736). These pieces seem match well with the larger-bored four-joint flutes with the most effective range. 10 However, two of Bach’s flute chamber works do raised some questions with the fact that if they were written for flute because there is more than one score written by the composer and they seem not written for flute. They are the sonata in B minor (BWV 1030) and sonata in G minor (BWV 1020). The sonata BWV 1030 is the most important one. There are two scores written for the keyboard part, one in B minor and the other one in G minor. Some Oboists claimed that the G minor is the original version of the sonata for oboe and it is transposed for flute later in B minor. However, there is evidence that flute was a transposing instrument and there is no reason for Bach to write two separate version of music for different instrument. But, as mentioned before, Baroque flute is a family of instruments. There is a possibility that the piece is written for flute but that is not the concert flute. Every instrument’s ideal sound is to emulate the â€Å"singing quality† of the human voice – the music was written in a range that more suitable in lower range flutes. The sonata in B minor (BWV 1030) particularly has a strong vocal quality which may suggests that the flute part is actually written for the flute d’amour. Like his Church Cantatas, the flute obbligatos part is intended for the d’amour. 11 Flute d’amour is an alto instrument tuned to D at French Chamber pitch. It sounds a major or minor 3rd below the normal pitch of harpsichords, and played at transpositions. But, this is a French tradition of transposing the pieces in the â€Å"Clef francoise† with the G on the bottom line. As a result, Bach wrote two separate scores for the flute and keyboard parts in his flute sonata in G minor based on the â€Å"Clef italienne†. It is understood by the flautists who worked with Bach and they should recognize it at a glance. 12 To conclude, the B minor flute sonata (BWV 1030) by Bach is written for flute, Flute d’amour precisely. It raised much doubt about this because the composers of the time did not specified what kind of flute they wrote for. And, nowadays, with misunderstanding that â€Å"Baroque flute† is a term for a single instrument, people may suggest that this flute piece is not suitable for a particular Baroque flute. However, with a clearer picture of the development of the Baroque flute family, the intention of Bach to write two separate scores and the common practice of the flautists those days, the Sonata in B minor should probably be intended for the Baroque flute, the flute d’amour. How to cite J.S. Bach Flute Sonata in B Minor: the Development of the Baroque Flute, Essay examples

Asset Pricing Model-Free-Samples for Students -Myassignementhelp

Question: Write a Literature on the Historical account of the Development and Application of Capital Asset Pricing Model in Managerial Finance. Answer: Introduction This study deals with understanding the concept of Capital Asset Pricing Model and purpose of CAPM model in executive business. In this particular assignment, proper emphasis has been given on the theories of CAPM model and how it is helpful for the financial managers (Zabarankin, Pavlikov and Uryasev 2014). The current segment explains about historical account of the progress as well as purpose of Capital Asset Pricing Model in supervisory business in the most appropriate way. Historical account of the development and application of Capital Asset Pricing Model in managerial finance Capital Asset Pricing Model is one of the asset pricing theories that estimate the cost of capital for business firm for the purpose of assessing the performance of managed portfolios. This particular pricing model offers powerful as well as pleasing predictions on matters relating to risk measurement and the relation between expected return and risk (Moosa 2013). The empirical problems of CAPM model show theoretical failings those results to get simplified assumptions. Capital Asset Pricing Model is used for describing the relationship between risk as well as return in the most appropriate way. CAPM can be used for pricing of risk securities and this model was introduced in the year 1964 as an extension of the Modern Portfolio Theory (Barberis et al. 2015). In addition, the theories explore ways where investors need to construct portfolios that have minimal risk levels for maximizing returns. This pricing model is used by financial professionals for calculating the required return t hat is based on risk measurement. The model particularly relies upon risk multiplier that is known as beta coefficient (Berk and Van Binsbergen 2016). It is the responsibility of the business financial manager to calculate the cost of equity capital of business enterprise. It is quite a difficult task to estimate the cost of equity and often result is subjective by nature as well as open to question as a reliable benchmark. In addition, Capital Asset Pricing Model is one of the tools that explain how financial markets price securities as well as formative expected returns on capital investments. Furthermore, the model give details about the method for quantifying risk as well as translating that risk into estimates of expected return on equity (Dempsey 2013). By using CAPM model, it will be easy to understand the nature of predictable cost of equity. This model cannot be used in separation as it explains in detail about world of financial markets. CAPM is a tool that deals with risks as well as returns especially on financial securities. In addition, the rate of return need to be ascertained by an investor for receiving from buying a common stock as well as holding it for specific period of time as it equals cash dividend received and adding up capital gains (Fama and French 2017). Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that CAPM can be used by financial managers as it supplement with other techniques as well as their own judgment for developing realistic and useful cost of equity calculations. Capital Asset Pricing Model shows hypothetical illustration of the performance of economic that need to be engaged for estimating cost of equity capital. The above analysis puts emphasis on understanding all the factors that govern use of CAPM model by financial managers in the most appropriate way. Reference List Barberis, N., Greenwood, R., Jin, L. and Shleifer, A., 2015. X-CAPM: An extrapolative capital asset pricing model.Journal of Financial Economics,115(1), pp.1-24. Berk, J.B. and Van Binsbergen, J.H., 2016. Assessing asset pricing models using revealed preference.Journal of Financial Economics,119(1), pp.1-23. Dempsey, M., 2013. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM): the history of a failed revolutionary idea in finance?.Abacus,49(S1), pp.7-23. Fama, E.F. and French, K.R., 2017. International tests of a five-factor asset pricing model.Journal of Financial Economics,123(3), pp.441-463. Moosa, I.A., 2013. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM): the history of a failed revolutionary idea in finance? Comments and extensions.Abacus,49(S1), pp.62-68. Zabarankin, M., Pavlikov, K. and Uryasev, S., 2014. Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) with drawdown measure.European Journal of Operational Research,234(2), pp.508-517.

Comparison of Kula and Moka Practice

The reading of Malinowski’s (1979) article will come particularly handy for just about anyone who tries to get a better insight onto significance of kula as practice that defines the essence of Trobrians’ existential mode. According to the author, kula is the form of ceremonial exchange, in which native inhabitants of islands to the north-east and south-east of Papua New Guinea are being involved, as the way of emphasizing their social status in Trobrian society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Kula and Moka Practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two items, associated with this exchange, are necklaces made out of red shells (soulava) and arm-bracelets, made out of white shells (mwali). While practicing kula, islanders often travel as far as hundreds of miles in canoe boats, in order to exchange soulava for mwali and vice versa. The following are the two foremost aspects of kula: 1). The geographical direction in which soulava and mwali are being exchanged is firmly fixed – on the route of being traded for each other, soulava items always travel in clockwise direction (from north to south), and mwali items always travel in counter-clockwise direction (from south to north). This can be explained by the geographical particulars of where arm-bracelets and necklaces are being procured from: â€Å"We see that the two sources of the mwali and soulava are at the northern and southern ends of the (Trobrian) ring†¦ each (item) is exported from the districts of its origin towards one, where it is not made or procured† (p. 166). 2). Trobrians, involved in kula, are being expected not to possess soulava and mvali for too long – both items of kula exchange are supposed to remain in the state of perpetual motion, while changing hands with kula practitioners on permanent basis: â€Å"A man who is in the Kula never keeps any article for longer th an, say, a year or two† (p. 169). 3). Islanders that participate in kula exchange are supposed to remain involved in this practice for the duration of their lifetime – ‘once in the kula, always in the kula’: â€Å"The principle ‘once in the Kula, always in the Kula’ applies also to the valuables themselves† (p. 164). 4). Kula exchange is essentially manly practice – even though few Trobrian women of high social status are known to indulge in the practice on small-scale basis, it is mostly men who look onto kula as the foremost instrument of gaining the sense of self-respect and establishing themselves socially: â€Å"The Kula is essentially a man’s type of activity. Women do not sail on the big expeditions† (p. 188).Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 5). Exchanging kula articles for each other is being perceived by th ose who indulge in this practice as not a trade per se, but rather as gift-giving: â€Å"The Kula exchange has always to be a gift, followed by a counter-gift; it can never be a barter† (p. 189). From Malinowski’s article, it appears that the main purpose of kula exchange is highlighting exchange participants’ socio-tribal status – those who happened to possess a number of kula items at any given time, are being respected on the account of their ‘manliness’ and also on the account of the sheer strength of their ritualistic-mindedness. According to the author, it is not utterly uncommon for the chiefs in Trobrian villages (a so-called ‘big-men’) to temporally possess as many as hundreds of arm-bracelets and necklaces at the time; whereas, less socially significant inhabitants of these villages may possess only few kula items. By enjoying the temporal ownership of mwalis and soulavas, kula practitioners are being provided with an o pportunity to exhibit their ability to act as reliable partners – hence, wining respect with other members of Trobrian rural communities. In its turn, this partially explains why kula articles are never being exchanged for each other in order to be daily-worn by those who possess them, but rather to provide owners with the chance to brag about being ‘strong in Kula’. Thus, the actual motivations behind this practice can hardly be thought of as rationale-driven but as such that reside deep within the matrix of practitioners’ tribalistic perceptionalism. Initially, there used to be the set of objective preconditions, which instigated kula exchange, in the first place. Nevertheless, as time went by, this practice was being gradually reduced into an irrational ritual. The main purpose of this ritual appears to be concerned with highlighting social inequality among islanders as something that kula practitioners subconsciously feel would set them on the path of progress. It is important to understand that it is namely the strong extent of social stratification among the members of a particular society, which traditionally used to fuel such society’s cultural and scientific advancement. For example, in late 18th century’s British society, there were no people that belonged to a ‘middle class’, in contemporary sense of this word. This, however, was exactly what had triggered the beginning of Industrial Revolution in this country – people’s social inequality, combined with their industriousness, is the compound upon which civilizational progress thrives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Kula and Moka Practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, Trobrians’ willingness to indulge in kula exchange, despite this practice’s apparent senselessness, is best explained as being driven by these peopleâ€⠄¢s identity-related anxieties – since there are no objective preconditions for the maintenance of social inequality among islanders, they are being naturally predisposed to invent artificial ones. The kula exchange can be also discussed within the context of what has traditionally defined the actual essence of a rural living. In rural societies, it represents the matter of foremost importance for these societies’ members to be able to choose in favor of a communal existential mode, as the mean of ensuring their physical survival. The reason for this is simple – giving the fact that in such societies, people’s well-being largely depends on the whims of weather; it represents the matter of crucial importance for them to be able to rely upon each other, while facing life’s challenges. This is exactly why the practical significance of kula exchange is not being concerned with trading parties’ strive to obtain material benefits through trade, as much as it is being concerned with practitioners’ intention to win favors with whom they exchange kula articles, which explains exchange’s technicalities: â€Å"A native will always, when speaking about a transaction, insist on the magnitude and value of the gift he gave, and minimize those of the equivalent accepted† (p. 190). By providing its partner with the gift of mwali of soulava, the gift-giving islander implies that from now on, the gift-receiving partner owes him a favor, which is exactly the reason why kula practitioners do not appear particularly enthusiastic, when it comes to accepting gifts, and also the particulars of ceremony’s etiquette: â€Å"The etiquette of the transaction requires that the gift should be given in an off-hand, abrupt, almost angry manner, and received with equivalent nonchalance and disdain† (p. 189). In other words, kula exchange emphasizes tribalistic workings of islanders’ mentality as people who perce ive ‘favors’ as such that represent a fully objective value. The validity of an earlier suggestion can be also explored in regards to moka practice, associated with existential mode of members of native tribes that populate area around the base of Mount Hagen, Papua New Guinea.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The origins of moka gift-giving, concerned with the process of these tribes periodically providing each other with the gifts of pigs and pearl-shells, can be traced back to primeval times, when these gifts were supposed to serve as compensation for the loss of lives, due to tribal warfare. Nevertheless, as of today, moka exchange had been deprived of its utilitarian significance. Nowadays, it serves as the catalysis of ‘debt accumulation’ for those tribesmen who indulge in this practice. From technical point of view, moka exchange cannot be referred to as being utterly complex. For example, once the inhabitants of village X have provided the inhabitants of a neighboring village with the gift of fifty pigs, there can be two possible scenarios of how the inhabitants of village Y would address the act of gift-giving, on the part of their neighbors – in time, they can provide their counterparts with whether the gift of equivalent or slightly higher value (let us say fifty five pigs). If they chose in favor of the latter, the moka ensues – that is, within the matter of a year or two, the inhabitants of X village would have to provide Y villagers with the gift of at least sixty pigs. And, it is important to understand that despite moka exchange being seemingly concerned with its participants trying to earn ‘interest’, while bestowing each other with gifts, the considerations of material enrichment define actual motivations behind moka the least. By indulging in moka, the concerned parties aim to highlight their ‘greatness’ as their foremost priority. While referring to profit, generated by moka-participants, Leach and Leach (1983) state: â€Å"This (moka-related) ‘profit’ does not have the same meaning as it does in a capitalist economy, for it is encompassed within a wider rule of reciprocity† (p. 74). Therefore, the foremost purpose of moka gift-giving can be best defined as turning the nutri tional value of pigs into metaphysical value of debts and favors, which ensure the integrity of tribal societies from within. According to Godelier (1999): â€Å"Moka closely resembles the potlatch; the motive of moka partners is not to make a ‘profit’, but to increase the gifts and to create debts† (p. 98). Thus, just as it is being the case with kula exchange, moka gift-giving appears to be ritually defined extrapolation of native Papua Guineans’ tribal mentality. Given the fact that, due to a variety of fully objective factors, the realities of living in rural areas of Papua New Guinea and Trobrian islands endow native inhabitants with the sense of communal inter-dependency, it comes as not a particular surprise that these people tend to hypertrophy the meaning of tribal relationship with each other. Unfortunately, there is also a negative aspect to this – the sheer strength of native populations’ affiliation with tribal traditions is bein g proportionally related to the extent of their intellectual inflexibility. In its turn, this explains native Guineans and Trobrians’ cultural backwardness. References Boyd, D. 1985, ’The commercialization of ritual in the Eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea’, Man, New Series, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 325-340. Godelier, M. 1999. The enigma of the gift, Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Leach, J. Leach, E. 1983. The Kula: New perspectives on Massim exchange, London, Cambridge University Press. Malinowski, B. 1979. Essentials of the kula; Technicalities of the kula. In: Young, M. (ed) The Ethnography of Malinowski, pp.162-171,181-198. London, Routledge Kegan Paul. Strathern, A. 1971. The rope of moka: Big-men and ceremonial exchange in  Mount Hagen, New Guinea, London, Cambridge University Press. This essay on Comparison of Kula and Moka Practice was written and submitted by user Danika O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

In the Merchants Prologue and Tale Chaucer Essays

In the Merchants Prologue and Tale Chaucer Essays In the Merchants Prologue and Tale Chaucer Paper In the Merchants Prologue and Tale Chaucer Paper Essay Topic: Pygmalion Januaries preferences for a wife are shown like a shopping list. He places much stress on his prospective wifes age she shal not passe twenty yeer, certayn. There is a sense of economics in the way January has chosen a younger wife to compensate for his old age. Januarie explains his penchant for a young wife in particularised language a yong thyng may men gye, right as men may warm wex with hands plye Januarie has delusions of pygmalionism: the state of being in love with an object of ones own creation, Maye is his manufacture. Januaries language is saturated with fiscal metaphor, metaphor is used to defamiliarise the audience; while he thinks about what his wife will look like, he describes the experience as though one has taken a mirror, polished bright and set it in commune market-place, Thanne sholde he se ful many a figure pace, women are like cattle to Januarie, Januarie values women in accordance to their beauty. The link between women and carnate is very suggestive, Januarie is clearly longing for carnal embrace and his sexual frustration is evident. Januarie uses the sexual language of a cattle market And bet than old boef is the tendre veel women are viewed as meat within Medieval society. One might cross-reference this carnal metaphor to the readers introduction to Damyan the servant which carf biforn the knight ful many a day, it is paradoxical that the boy Januarie has employed to carve meat will ultimately carve Januaries own meat (Maye), Januarie has unwittingly encouraged his own cuckolding by taking on Damyan, this is precursor for Januaries garden which facilitates Maye and Damyans affair; Januaries creation of a pleasure garden is presented to us as an extension of a cashbox in which the key is the all-important possession. It is damaging to Januaries honour that he has been cuckolded by Damyan thyn owene squire and thy borne man his own property. When Januarie becomes blind, he wepeth and with all the fire of his jealousy Lest that his wyf sholde falle in som folye, he becomes increasingly possessive of his wax moulded doll. Januaries blindness is ironic: when he was able to see he was still morally and spiritually blind, it is paradoxical that on balance his blindness initiates his enlightenment, Januaries over-dependency on is his eyes shows how pleasure-seeking, epicurean and hedonistic his life was before marriage. Januaries blindness emphasises his obsession with the aesthetic and attainable by financial means. Sight is something, however, no amount of money can buy. Januarie will not suffer Maye leaving his side But if he had a hand always on her: Maye is his property. Januarie desperately clings to this young vital animal. For Aristotle it is the mark of a barbarian that the husband treats his wife as a piece of property, like a domesticated animal.. On a metaphorical level Januarie is clutching on to his youth; his gluttonising ways are coming to a slow and painful end. Januarie uses bribery at a mid-nuptial stage to prevent Maye from cuckolding him; heritage, toun and tour are used as a bargaining item. Januarie tells Maye she can attain these three things if she remains faithful. We see how Januarie is unable to distinguish between the spiritual and the material; he has bound them up together. Januarie combines a spiritual field with the diction of property and law, the concrete is fused with the abstract. The reader is never allowed to forget that Maye has ultimately sold her body for money; women become objects and commodities. Marriage through the Merchant eyes is equated with the giving away of good s. The Merchants Tale and Prologue is submerged with monetary metaphor and financial imagery, and it is therefore difficult to underplay the importance of money and possessions in this medieval world. However we are reminded that money and possessions are purely material and the love of a wife for a husband and visa-versa cannot be bought they must be earned through the Christian quality of gentillesse. Januarie can buy anything with his money on a material level, however he cannot buy time, for his clock is ticking and he is growing oold and hoor. For this reason I believe The Merchants Tale is more about the worthlessness of money when stared in the face of time. The Merchants Tale is didactic and what the reader should take from it is the importance of having spiritual wealth as opposed to material wealth.

Racism - Malcolm X - Black History Month Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Racism - Malcolm X - Black History Month - Essay Example He felt the pain of segregation but unlike most people, he strongly desired for a change in his community. He knew that something had to be done, and he knew that he could do something about the segregation. Malcolm emerged to be a very significant force for change that could awaken both those who lived and those that were to come. Racism in the United States went through construction and experience during this period. One of such experiences is the one Malcolm x experienced of how the blacks in the society of America were mistreated and neglected. Through the experiences of Malcolm x, it showed that the blacks could be perceived and treated like second-rate human beings. Malcolm redefined the geographical terrain and the tenor of the black politics. He redefined the governance system in America as a better and bigger form of segregation and harmful to the rights of the blacks. Malcolm x change the way people interpreted the civil rights act by affecting their existing definitions and interpretations. Malcolm x succeeded in making people unites so as to gain a racial pride through fighting for their

You Are The Judge Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

You Are The Judge Papers - Essay Example Negligence is defined as a failure to act by a person where such an act would have been performed by a reasonable man or a person does something which a reasonable person would not have committed. This act or failure to act subsequently leads to foreseeable harm. The main elements to prove negligence are duty of care being owed; breach of that duty which results in injury to the plaintiff and proximity between the act and the injuries that is the injury caused was a foreseeable consequence of the negligence. It can be seen from the facts that Corrigan was responsible for installing the compass and so a clear duty of care arose between the final user that is Daniel and Corrigan. The breach of duty occurred because as per the facts the compass had not been properly installed. Now the issue that arises is whether an action against Zoom can lead to such a claim for medical costs. Clearly Zoom had a contract with Corrigan and so Corrigan would be a party to this action and so medical costs can be recovered subject to proximity which will now be discussed. The question of proximity would require proving whether it was foreseeable that the faulty compass would lead to Daniel getting lost and being beaten. It can be said that because of the faulty compass it is evident that Daniel would get lost. As for the area that he reached as a result there is a strong possibility of it happening and suffering injury in a high crime area. Thus it can be said that there was proximity. The defence that can be relied upon by Zoom/Corrigan is that the event was unforeseen because even though there was a possibility of getting lost, the injury caused was farfetched. Furthermore they can argue that the plaintiff would have been aware that he was going wrong and so knowingly took the risk. All these arguments are likely to fail and thus Daniel can recover for the medical costs under the head of negligence. The proper defendant for the action can be determined by the

The Hurricane Disaster Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 17

The Hurricane Disaster - Article Example The information does not dwell on a particular aspect of the disaster hence providing a very detailed report. The information is a lot but clearly presented with supporting evidence from officials handling the disaster rescue and recovery operation. The last article in the USA Today is not clear at all. It had information jumbled up and provides a lot of unnecessary information to the case. The timeliness is effective but the lack of clarity affects the understanding of the length information from the researchers (Cooper & Swanson, 2005). The article by Kay, (2005) can be said to be the most informative. This is so because it provides well-rounded information about the disaster without dwelling on only one area of it or deviating completely from the events of the disaster hence making the information lack clarity. The authors of this article discussed on the human deaths and injuries experienced, the property damages to the infrastructure especially, the financial implications of the disaster as well as seeking verification of the rescue efforts in place as well as other communication details that seem minute but very effective. The fact that the article discusses the disaster based on opinion and facts provided by several officials and not only the governor like in the previous article makes it even more informative. The article in The New York Times is written in informal communication style compared to the other two articles. The informal writing is meant to be understood by all the people without discriminating others from feeling worthy of the news article they are reading. The informal style enables a clearer understanding of the events and connects with the emotions of the audience. An example about reports from survivors â€Å"†¦were left clinging to the remains of their house when a 23-foot surge of water hit it, flexing the roof like a deck of cards (Treaster & Zernike, 2005).†